How Does Oracle Middleware Products Work even without SQL Client Installed?

Did you ever wonder how Oracle Middleware products communicate with Oracle database even without sql client installed in the machine while some of other products require sql client?

Weblogic uses JDBC Type 4 driver that uses Java to connect directly to Oracle. It implements Oracle’s SQL*Net Net8 and TTC adapters using its own TCP/IP based Java socket implementation. The JDBC Thin driver does not require Oracle client software to be installed, but does require the server to be configured with a TCP/IP listener.
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